Culture of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers and Their Use in Multiplex Macromolecular Permeability Assays for In Vitro Analysis of Tight Junction Size Selectivity
Tight junctions form a selectively permeable barrier that limits paracellular flux across epithelial-lined surfaces. Small molecules (less than ∼8 Å diameter) can traverse the junction via the size- and charge-selective, high-conductance pore pathway. In contrast, the low-conductance leak pathway accommodates larger macromolecules (up to ∼100 Å diameter) and is not charge-selective. Flux across the tight junction-independent, high-conductance, non-selective, unrestricted pathway occurs at sites of epithelial damage.
Cytokines can regulate each of these pathways, but commonly used measures of barrier function cannot discriminate between tight junction regulation and epithelial damage. This article describes methods for culturing intestinal epithelial cell monolayers and assessing the impact of cytokine treatment on leak and unrestricted pathway permeabilities. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation and culture of cell monolayers in Transwells Basic Protocol 2: Assessment of cytokine (IFNγ and TNF) treatment effects on barrier function Support Protocol: Immunofluorescent staining of monolayers Basic Protocol 3: Multiplex flux assay.
Interaction of Biomphalaria cells in primary cultures with Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts
Introduction: Biomphalaria snails may display varying levels of susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection. We have been developing an in vitro model to study the interaction between the snail and the parasite, using tissue-derived cell cultures from Biomphalaria.
Methods: The digestive gland- and kidney-derived cells from primary cultures of resistant (B. tenagophila Taim) and susceptible (B. tenagophila HM and B. glabrata BH) strains of Biomphalaria were exposed to S. mansoni sporocysts.
Results: S. mansoni sporocysts were surrounded and encapsulated exclusively by cells derived from the digestive gland (DG) of B. tenagophila Taim. The process was followed by a marked decrease in the number of free sporocysts in the culture medium. The morphological characteristics of DG-derived cells in culture have been described.
Conclusions: Cells derived from DG (but not SK) primary cultures of B. tenagophila Taim may participate in S. mansoni sporocyst control.
eaaci2015
myo-Inositol |
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| GC4902-250G | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 g | EUR 70 |
myo-Inositol |
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| GC4902-25G | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 g | EUR 40 |
myo-Inositol |
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| GC4902-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 98 |
I-Inositol |
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| abx082431-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 230 |
myo-Inositol |
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| B7903-100 | ApexBio | 100 mg | EUR 108 |
myo-Inositol |
|||
| B7903-500 | ApexBio | 500 mg | EUR 166 |
Myo-inositol |
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| TBZ2449 | ChemNorm | 20mg | Ask for price |
Screen Quest™ Rhod-4 No Wash Calcium Assay Kit *Medium Removal* |
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| 36330 | AAT Bioquest | 1 Plate | EUR 132 |
Screen Quest™ Rhod-4 No Wash Calcium Assay Kit *Medium Removal* |
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| 36331 | AAT Bioquest | 10 Plates | EUR 393 |
Screen Quest™ Rhod-4 No Wash Calcium Assay Kit *Medium Removal* |
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| 36332 | AAT Bioquest | 100 Plates | EUR 2616 |
M9CA Medium |
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| SD7025 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 71.75 |
YM Medium |
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| SD7031 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 70.45 |
TYGPN Medium |
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| SD7032 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 70.01 |
M63 Medium |
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| SD7033 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 71.75 |
M9 Medium |
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| SD7024 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 71.75 |
A Medium |
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| DJ1018 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 84.8 |
NeuroProgenitor Medium |
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| NM42400 | Neuromics | 125 ml | EUR 304 |
Heller's Medium |
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| CP014-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Heller's Medium |
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| CP014-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
Hoagland's Medium |
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| CP015-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Hoagland's Medium |
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| CP015-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
Advanced Medium |
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| C0003-04 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 103 |
Medium 199 |
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| C0012-01 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 105 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1579 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 382 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 140 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 2278 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 534 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 182 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 814 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 216 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 95 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1324 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 327 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 125 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1021 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 261 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 107 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 965 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 249 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 104 |
D-myo-Inositol |
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| IB0536 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 67.4 |
D-chiro-Inositol |
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| HY-N3021 | MedChemExpress | 10mg | EUR 108 |
1D-chiro-Inositol |
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| GC3561-100MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 mg | EUR 102 |
1D-chiro-Inositol |
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| GC3561-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | EUR 269 |
1L-chiro-Inositol |
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| GC7626-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | EUR 269 |
1L-chiro-Inositol |
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| GC7626-100MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 mg | EUR 102 |
1D-chiro-Inositol |
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| TPC3089 | ChemNorm | 20mg | Ask for price |
Insect Cell Medium: TNM-FH Insect Culture Medium |
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| ABP-MED-10001 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
Insect Cell Medium: Serum-Free Insect Culture Medium |
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| ABP-MED-10002 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
Insect Cell Medium: Grace?s Insect Medium (Unsupplemented) |
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| ABP-MED-10004 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
H Medium Broth |
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| DJ1019 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 60.88 |
Agarose, medium EEO |
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| GE4750-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 166 |
Agarose, medium EEO |
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| GE4750-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 429 |
Schwann Growth Medium |
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| SGM001 | Neuromics | 500 ml | EUR 244 |
Hepatocyte Maintenance Medium |
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| HM42600 | Neuromics | 100 ml | EUR 409 |
Neuron Growth Medium |
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| HNM001 | Neuromics | 500 ml | EUR 331 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 85 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-300 | GenDepot | 6x500ml | EUR 165 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-310 | GenDepot | 10x500ml | EUR 219 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-320 | GenDepot | 20x500ml | EUR 340 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-350 | GenDepot | 50x500ml | EUR 585 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 91 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-300 | GenDepot | 6x500ml | EUR 266 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-310 | GenDepot | 10x500ml | EUR 313 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-320 | GenDepot | 20x500ml | EUR 604 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-350 | GenDepot | 50x500ml | EUR 975 |
Cereal Crops Medium |
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| CP003-005 | GenDepot | 5L | EUR 113 |
Cereal Crops Medium |
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| CP003-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 169 |
Kao Michayluk Medium |
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| CP017-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Kao Michayluk Medium |
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| CP017-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
Orchid Maintenance Medium |
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| CP037-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 109 |
Orchid Maintenance Medium |
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| CP037-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 138 |
Woody Plants Medium |
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| CP040-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 101 |
Woody Plants Medium |
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| CP040-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
Recovery Medium - 6x12mL |
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| 1711 | Intact Genomics | 4/PK | EUR 128 |
EverBrite Mounting Medium |
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| 23001 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 178 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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AddexBio Cryopreservation Medium |
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| C0002-20mL | Addexbio | RT vial | EUR 104 |
Aqueous Mounting Medium |
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| AR1018 | BosterBio | 10mL X5 (Enough for 800-1200 assays) | EUR 80 |
Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| AR1109 | BosterBio | 10mL (for 1000 assays) | EUR 65 |
RPMI 1640 Medium |
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| abx098879-500ml | Abbexa | 500 ml | EUR 175 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 96 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM060 | ScyTek Laboratories | 60 ml | EUR 116 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 327 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 530 |
FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM |
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| F06-101-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 792 |
FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM |
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| F06-101-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 211 |
FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM |
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| F06-101-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 94 |
EC MEDIUM, MODIFIED |
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| E05-108-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 858 |
EC MEDIUM, MODIFIED |
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| E05-108-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 226 |
EC MEDIUM, MODIFIED |
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| E05-108-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 98 |
CARY & BLAIR MEDIUM |
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| C03-131-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 2185 |
CARY & BLAIR MEDIUM |
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| C03-131-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 514 |
CARY & BLAIR MEDIUM |
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| C03-131-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 176 |
A-1 MEDIUM |
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| A01-116-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1034 |
A-1 MEDIUM |
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| A01-116-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 264 |
A-1 MEDIUM |
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| A01-116-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 108 |
MOTILITY TEST MEDIUM |
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| M13-121-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1528 |
MOTILITY TEST MEDIUM |
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| M13-121-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 371 |
MOTILITY TEST MEDIUM |
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| M13-121-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 137 |
OF BASAL MEDIUM |
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| O15-100-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | Ask for price |
OF BASAL MEDIUM |
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| O15-100-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | Ask for price |
OF BASAL MEDIUM |
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| O15-100-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | Ask for price |
2XYT MICROBIAL MEDIUM |
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| X24-102-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 614 |
2XYT MICROBIAL MEDIUM |
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| X24-102-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 173 |
2XYT MICROBIAL MEDIUM |
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| X24-102-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 83 |
REINFORCED CLOSTRIDIUM MEDIUM |
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| R18-105-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1194 |
REINFORCED CLOSTRIDIUM MEDIUM |
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| R18-105-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 299 |
REINFORCED CLOSTRIDIUM MEDIUM |
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| R18-105-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 118 |
Sepadextran-25 Medium |
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| SD25M-100 | ABTBeads | 100 g | EUR 271 |
Sepadextran-25 Medium |
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| SD25M-500 | ABTBeads | 500 g | EUR 1036 |
Sepadextran-50 Medium |
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| SD50M-100 | ABTBeads | 100 g | EUR 344 |
Sepadextran-50 Medium |
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| SD50M-500 | ABTBeads | 500 g | EUR 1285 |
TERRIFIC BROTH MEDIUM |
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| T20-114-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 675 |
TERRIFIC BROTH MEDIUM |
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| T20-114-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 186 |
TERRIFIC BROTH MEDIUM |
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| T20-114-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 87 |
THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM, BREWER |
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| T20-118-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1364 |
THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM, BREWER |
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| T20-118-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 336 |
THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM, BREWER |
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| T20-118-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 128 |
SuperMOUNT? Mounting Medium |
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| 1211-20 | Biovision | EUR 201 | |
Inositol 2-Dehydrogenase/D-chiro-Inositol 3-Dehydrogenase (IOLG) Antibody |
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| 20-abx110510 | Abbexa |
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Inositol 2-dehydrogenase/D-chiro-inositol 3-dehydrogenase Polyclonal Antibody |
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| 42631-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 333 |
L-alpha-Phosphatidyl inositol |
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| GE1414-500MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 mg | EUR 126 |
Inositol Monophosphatase 1 (Recombinant) |
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| 20-abx073158 | Abbexa |
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Inositol Monophosphatase 2 (Recombinant) |
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| 20-abx073694 | Abbexa |
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Myo-Inositol Oxygenase (Recombinant) |
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| 20-abx073852 | Abbexa |
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Screen Quest™ Fluo-8 Medium Removal Calcium Assay Kit *Optimized for Difficult Cell Lines* |
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| 36307 | AAT Bioquest | 1 Plate | EUR 132 |
Screen Quest™ Fluo-8 Medium Removal Calcium Assay Kit *Optimized for Difficult Cell Lines* |
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| 36308 | AAT Bioquest | 10 Plates | EUR 350 |
Screen Quest™ Fluo-8 Medium Removal Calcium Assay Kit *Optimized for Difficult Cell Lines* |
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| 36309 | AAT Bioquest | 100 Plates | EUR 2181 |
Bacillus subtilis Inositol 2-dehydrogenase/D-chiro-inositol 3-dehydrogenase (iolG) |
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| 1-CSB-EP329675BRG | Cusabio |
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Description: Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Inositol 2-dehydrogenase/D-chiro-inositol 3-dehydrogenase(iolG) expressed in E.coli |
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Inositol 2-Dehydrogenase/D-chiro-Inositol 3-Dehydrogenase (IOLG) Antibody (Biotin) |
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| 20-abx106228 | Abbexa |
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Inositol 2-Dehydrogenase/D-chiro-Inositol 3-Dehydrogenase (IOLG) Antibody (FITC) |
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| 20-abx107642 | Abbexa |
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Inositol 2-Dehydrogenase/D-chiro-Inositol 3-Dehydrogenase (IOLG) Antibody (HRP) |
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| 20-abx109059 | Abbexa |
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Inositol 2-dehydrogenase/D-chiro-inositol 3-dehydrogenase Polyclonal Conjugated Antibody |
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| C42631 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 397 |
XTT CELL VIABILITY ASSAY KIT (1000 ASSAY) |
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| 30007 | Biotium | 1KIT | EUR 236 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1KIT |
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Rat Cartilage Growth Medium PrimaCell: Normal Articular Cartilage Growth Medium |
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| 9-25023 | CHI Scientific | 5 x 100 ml | Ask for price |
Human Cartilage Growth Medium PrimaCell: Normal Articular Cartilage Growth Medium |
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| 9-46043 | CHI Scientific | 5 x 100 ml | Ask for price |
Fluorguard Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| F001 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 86 |
PCS-440-030 Medium |
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| PCS-440 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 151 |
Human Epithelial Cell Medium |
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| ECM001 | Neuromics | 500 mL | EUR 323 |
Hydroxyethyl cellulose, medium viscosity |
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| GC2547-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 46 |
Hydroxyethyl cellulose, medium viscosity |
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| GC2547-1KG | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 kg | EUR 100 |
Hydroxyethyl cellulose, medium viscosity |
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| GC2547-250G | Glentham Life Sciences | 250 g | EUR 55 |
Hydroxyethyl cellulose, medium viscosity |
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| GC2547-25G | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 g | EUR 42 |
Hydroxyethyl cellulose, medium viscosity |
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| GC2547-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 72 |
FRIIS BASE Medium, Liquid |
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| F2485-100 | GenDepot | 100ml | Ask for price |
FRIIS BASE Medium, Liquid |
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| F2485-500 | GenDepot | 500ml | Ask for price |
Alpha-glia Expansion Medium |
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| AGEM-001 | Neuromics | 500 ml | EUR 375 |
Chu's N-6 Medium |
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| CP004-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Chu's N-6 Medium |
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| CP004-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
Gamborg's B-5 Medium |
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| CP009-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Gamborg's B-5 Medium |
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| CP009-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
Comparison of VEGF-A secretion from tumor cells under cellular stresses in conventional monolayer culture and microfluidic three-dimensional spheroid models
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major cytokine in tumor biology affecting tumor survival, aggressiveness and pro-angiogenetic activities. In addition, cellular stresses often result in aggressive pro-angiogenetic behavior in tumors. For in vitro study, conventional monolayer cell culture has been broadly exploited; however, it often provides limited information due to its different microenvironment from that in vivo. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid culture provides in vivo-like microenvironments to study tumor biology and their survival mechanisms with better predictive power.
In this work, vascular endothelial growth factor of type A (VEGF-A) secretion from osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells cultured using monolayer and 3D spheroid models under two stress conditions: nutrient deficiency (reduced serum culture) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition (HIF inhibitor, YC-1) are characterized and systematically compared.
In order to obtain ample sample size for consistent characterization of cellular responses from cancer spheroids under the stresses and compare the responses to those from the conventional monolayer model, a microfluidic spheroid formation and culture device is utilized in the experiments.
In the analysis, cell viability is estimated from captured images, and quantification of VEGF-A secreted from the cells is achieved using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The experimental results show that the viabilities decrease when the cells face higher stress levels in both monolayer and 3D spheroid culture models; however, the VEGF-A secretion profiles between the cell culture models are different.
The VEGF-A secretion decreases when the cells face higher stress conditions in the monolayer cell culture. In contrast, for the 3D spheroid culture, the VEGF-A concentration decreases for low stress levels but increases while the stress level is high. The VEGF-A regulation in the 3D models mimics in vivo cases of tumor survival and can provide insightful information to investigate tumor angiogenesis in vitro. The approach developed in this paper provides an efficient method to quantitatively and statistically study tumor growth kinetics and stress responses from highly uniform samples and it can also be applied to compare the underlying biomolecular mechanisms in monolayer and 3D spheroid culture models to elucidate the effects of microenvironments on cellular response in cancer research.
Protection of human induced pluripotent stem cells against shear stress in suspension culture by Bingham plastic fluid
Suspension culture is an important method used in the industrial preparation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), for regenerative therapy and drug screening. Generally, a suspension culture requires agitation to keep PSC aggregates suspended and to promote mass transfer, but agitation also causes cell damage. In this study, we investigated the use of a Bingham plastic fluid, supplemented with a polysaccharide-based polymer, to preserve PSCs from cell damage in suspension culture. Rheometric analysis showed that the culture medium gained yield stress and became a Bingham plastic fluid, after supplementation with the polymer FP003.
A growth/death analysis revealed that 2 days of aggregate formation and 2 days of suspension in the Bingham plastic medium improved cell growth and prevented cell death. After the initial aggregation step, whereas strong agitation (120 rpm) of a conventional culture medium resulted in massive cell death, in the Bingham plastic fluid we obtained the same growth as the normal culture with optimal agitation (90 rpm). This indicates that Bingham plastic fluid protected cells from shear stress in suspension culture and could be used to enhance their robustness when developing a large-scale. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Metabolic profiling of CHO cell cultures at different working volumes and agitation speeds using spin tube reactors
Culture systems based on spin tube reactors have been consolidated in the development of manufacturing processes based on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Despite their widespread use, there is little information about the consequences of varying operational setting parameters on the culture performance of recombinant CHO cell lines. Here we investigated the effect of varying working volumes and agitation speeds on cell growth, protein production and cell metabolism of two clonally-derived CHO cell lines (expressing an IgG1 and a ‘difficult-to-express’ fusion protein). Interestingly, low culture volumes increased recombinant protein production and decreased cell growth, while high culture volumes had the opposite effect. Altering agitation speeds exacerbated or moderated the differences observed due to culture volume changes.
Combining low agitation rates with high culture volumes suppressed growth and recombinant protein production in CHO cells. Meanwhile, high agitation rates narrowed the differences in culture performance between low and high working volumes. These differences were also reflected in cell metabolism, where low culture volumes enhanced oxidative metabolism (linked to a productive phenotype) and high culture volume generated a metabolic profile that was predominately glycolytic (linked to a proliferative phenotype). Our findings indicate that the culture volume influence on metabolism modulates the balance between cell growth and protein production, a key feature that may be useful to adjust CHO cells towards a more productive phenotype.
Lactacystin (Synthetic) |
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| A2583-1 | ApexBio | 1 mg | EUR 790 |
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Description: Lactacystin is a specific and an irreversible inhibitor of proteasome with IC50 value of 4.8 ?M [1].Lactacystin binds to the catalytic subunits of the 20 S proteasome and inhibits all the three peptidase activities of the proteasome, chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like and caspase-like. |
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Lactacystin (Synthetic) |
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| 1709-200 | Biovision | EUR 316 | |
5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid |
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| HY-W000450 | MedChemExpress | 100mg | EUR 119 |
3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid |
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| HY-W010224 | MedChemExpress | 100mg | EUR 108 |
3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid |
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| HY-W012708 | MedChemExpress | 100mg | EUR 119 |
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid |
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| HY-W012974 | MedChemExpress | 100mg | EUR 108 |
β-Amino Acid Imagabalin Hydrochloride |
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| HY-U00250 | MedChemExpress | 20mg | EUR 13439 |
2-Amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid |
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| GM8338-10G | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 g | EUR 78 |
2-Amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid |
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| GM8338-50G | Glentham Life Sciences | 50 g | EUR 134 |
3-Amino-5-bromobenzoic acid |
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| GM0393-25G | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 g | EUR 190 |
11-(Boc-amino)-undecanoic acid |
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| A-3310.0005 | Bachem | 5.0g | EUR 151 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C16H31NO4; CAS# [10436-25-6] |
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11-(Boc-amino)-undecanoic acid |
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| A-3310.0025 | Bachem | 25.0g | EUR 515 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C16H31NO4; CAS# [10436-25-6] |
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1-(Z-amino)Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid |
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| 5-02277 | CHI Scientific | 5g | Ask for price |
1-(Z-amino)Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid |
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| 5-02278 | CHI Scientific | 25g | Ask for price |
2-Amino-4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid |
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| 20-abx188200 | Abbexa |
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2-Amino-5-Fluorobenzoic Acid |
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| abx188201-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 342 |
3-Amino-2-Methylbenzoic Acid |
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| abx188349-1000g | Abbexa | 1000 g | EUR 773 |
D-Amino Acid Oxidase (Recombinant) |
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| 20-abx073765 | Abbexa |
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YNB W / O Amino acid |
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| abx082010-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 230 |
4-(Boc-Amino)Benzeneboronic Acid |
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| 20-abx180465 | Abbexa |
|
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2-Amino-3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx181010 | Abbexa |
|
|
(PEO)4-amino-propionic acid |
|||
| 20-abx181441 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-5-bromonicotinic acid |
|||
| 20-abx181694 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-5-Pyrimidineboronic Acid |
|||
| 20-abx181700 | Abbexa |
|
|
3-Amino-5-bromopicolinic acid |
|||
| 20-abx181890 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx182035 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-2-phenylacetic acid |
|||
| 20-abx183045 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx183054 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid |
|||
| abx183059-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 954 |
2-Amino-6-methoxybenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx183075 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-6-nitrobenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx183077 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-5-pyrazinecarboxylic acid |
|||
| 20-abx180281 | Abbexa |
|
|
6-Amino-2-picolinic acid |
|||
| 20-abx183769 | Abbexa |
|
|
cis-3-Amino-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid |
|||
| abx183945-1g | Abbexa | 1 g | EUR 1219 |
3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx184574 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid |
|||
| 20-abx185019 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-Amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx185187 | Abbexa |
|
|
1-(Fmoc-amino)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid |
|||
| B-3570.0001 | Bachem | 1.0g | EUR 273 |
|
Description: Sum Formula: C21H21NO4; CAS# [117322-30-2] |
|||
1-(Fmoc-amino)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid |
|||
| B-3570.0005 | Bachem | 5.0g | EUR 998 |
|
Description: Sum Formula: C21H21NO4; CAS# [117322-30-2] |
|||
Toolbox Fmoc-Amino Acid Derivatives |
|||
| B-3840.0001 | Bachem | 100.0g | EUR 624 |
L Amino Acid Quantitation Kit |
|||
| 55R-1479 | Fitzgerald | 100 assays | EUR 654 |
|
Description: L Amino Acid Quantitation Kit for use in the research laboratory |
|||
anti-D Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
| YF-PA23561 | Abfrontier | 50 ul | EUR 334 |
|
Description: Mouse polyclonal to D Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
Synthetic Neurotensin (NT) |
|||
| 4-SPB203Hu01 | Cloud-Clone |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human Neurotensin expressed in: E.coli |
|||
Synthetic Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) |
|||
| 4-SPB359Ge01 | Cloud-Clone |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Phytohemagglutinin expressed in: E.coli |
|||
Synthetic Triacylated Lipopeptide |
|||
| VAdv-Ly0036 | Creative Biolabs | 1 mg | EUR 1628 |
|
Description: Synthetic triacylated lipopeptide, a synthetic lipopeptide and a TLR2/1 agonist vaccine adjuvant. |
|||
Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide |
|||
| AG123 | Unibiotest | 1 mg | EUR 523 |
Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides |
|||
| AT123 | Unibiotest | 1mg | EUR 1368 |
Atpenin A5 (Synthetic) |
|||
| 2210-1000 | Biovision | EUR 457 | |
Atpenin A5 (Synthetic) |
|||
| 2210-250 | Biovision | EUR 191 | |
Human D-amino-acid oxidase (DAO) |
|||
| 1-CSB-YP006494HU | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human D-amino-acid oxidase(DAO) expressed in Yeast |
|||
Human D-amino-acid oxidase (DAO) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP006494HU | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human D-amino-acid oxidase(DAO) expressed in E.coli |
|||
Rat D-amino-acid oxidase (Dao) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP006494RA | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Rat D-amino-acid oxidase(Dao) expressed in E.coli |
|||
L-Amino Acid Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
|||
| MET-5054 | Cell Biolabs | 100 assays | EUR 409 |
L-Amino Acid Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
|||
| MET-5055 | Cell Biolabs | 100 assays | EUR 409 |
Branched Chain Amino Acid Assay Kit |
|||
| MET-5056 | Cell Biolabs | 192 assays | EUR 450 |
Native Porcine D-Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
| NATE-0180 | Creative Enzymes | 400u | EUR 270 |
Fructosyl-amino acid oxidase from Microorganism |
|||
| DIA-274 | Creative Enzymes | 1ku | EUR 270 |
Human D Amino Acid Oxidase Antibody |
|||
| 32963-05111 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 261 |
(S)-(-)-2-Amino-4-pentenoic acid |
|||
| GM0237-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | EUR 90 |
(S)-(-)-2-Amino-4-pentenoic acid |
|||
| GM0237-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | EUR 237 |
Fmoc-2-amino-5-Methoxybenzoic acid |
|||
| 5-04549 | CHI Scientific | 1g | Ask for price |
Fmoc-2-amino-5-Methoxybenzoic acid |
|||
| 5-04550 | CHI Scientific | 5g | Ask for price |
Boc-9-AMino-4,7-Dioxanonanoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx186634 | Abbexa |
|
|
Boc-15-Amino-4,7,10,13-Tetraoxapentadecanoic Acid |
|||
| 20-abx186635 | Abbexa |
|
|
Fmoc-12-Amino-4,7,10-Trioxadodecanoic Acid |
|||
| abx186636-1g | Abbexa | 1 g | EUR 370 |
2-((2-Aminoethyl)Amino)Acetic Acid |
|||
| 20-abx188143 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-Isonicotinic Acid Ethyl Ester |
|||
| 20-abx188205 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Hydroxy-4-Amino Butanoic Acid |
|||
| abx188257-1kg | Abbexa | 1 kg | EUR 746 |
Recombinant Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
| 7-02629 | CHI Scientific | 2µg | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
| 7-02630 | CHI Scientific | 10µg | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
| 7-02631 | CHI Scientific | 1mg | Ask for price |
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| abx432587-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 384 |
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| abx432588-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 384 |
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| abx431198-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 286 |
5-Amino-2-chloro-isonicotinic acid |
|||
| 20-abx182161 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-Amino-3-phenylbutyric acid HCl |
|||
| 20-abx183511 | Abbexa |
|
|
Fmoc-21-Amino-4,7,10,13,16,19-Hexaoxaheneicosanoic Acid |
|||
| 20-abx184074 | Abbexa |
|
|
Benzoic acid, o-amino-, ethyl ester |
|||
| 20-abx184649 | Abbexa |
|
|
Anti-D-amino-acid oxidase antibody |
|||
| STJ71455 | St John's Laboratory | 100 µg | EUR 359 |
4-Amino-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid |
|||
| F-3605.0001 | Bachem | 1.0g | EUR 345 |
|
Description: Sum Formula: C6H12N2O2; CAS# [40951-39-1] net |
|||
4-Amino-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid |
|||
| F-3605.0005 | Bachem | 5.0g | EUR 1301 |
|
Description: Sum Formula: C6H12N2O2; CAS# [40951-39-1] net |
|||
4-Amino-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid |
|||
| F-3605.0025 | Bachem | 25.0g | EUR 5108 |
|
Description: Sum Formula: C6H12N2O2; CAS# [40951-39-1] net |
|||
Recombinant rat D-amino-acid oxidase |
|||
| P1766 | FN Test | 100ug | Ask for price |
|
Description: Recombinant protein for rat D-amino-acid oxidase |
|||
Human Amino Acid Metabolism Primer Library |
|||
| HAMM-I | Real Time Primers | 1 set | EUR 645 |
Branched Chain Amino Acid Assay Kit |
|||
| 55R-1440 | Fitzgerald | 100 assays | EUR 740 |
|
Description: Assay Kit for detection of Branched Chain Amino Acids in the research laboratory |
|||
Anti-D Amino Acid Oxidase (2F5) |
|||
| YF-MA12633 | Abfrontier | 100 ug | EUR 363 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal to D Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
D-amino acid oxidase, human recombinant |
|||
| P1052-10 | Biovision | EUR 164 | |
D-amino acid oxidase, human recombinant |
|||
| P1052-50 | Biovision | EUR 588 | |
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase Recombinant Protein |
|||
| 92-027 | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 710.75 |
|
Description: D-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO) belongs to the DAMOX/DASOX family. DAO is a peroxisomal enzyme which founctions as a homodimer to oxidizes D-amino acids to the corresponding imino acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. D-amino-acid oxidase regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain, has a high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. D-amino-acid oxidase could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. It also acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. |
|||
Mouse Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (Slc1a2) |
|||
| 1-CSB-YP021433MO | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Mouse Excitatory amino acid transporter 2(Slc1a2),partial expressed in Yeast |
|||
Recombinant Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (EAAT3) |
|||
| 4-RPE342Hu01 | Cloud-Clone |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 expressed in: E.coli |
|||
Recombinant Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4 (EAAT4) |
|||
| 4-RPG553Hu01 | Cloud-Clone |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4 expressed in: E.coli |
|||
Human xcitatory amino acid transporter 3 (SLC1A1) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP021432HU | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human xcitatory amino acid transporter 3(SLC1A1),partial expressed in E.coli |
|||
Mouse Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (Slc1a2) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP021433MO | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Mouse Excitatory amino acid transporter 2(Slc1a2),partial expressed in E.coli |
|||
Human Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (SLC1A6) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP021437HU | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human Excitatory amino acid transporter 4(SLC1A6),partial expressed in E.coli |
|||
Pseudomonas azotoformans L-amino acid amidase (laaA) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP748477PHAE | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Pseudomonas azotoformans L-amino acid amidase(laaA) expressed in E.coli |
|||
Human D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) |
|||
| 1-CSB-EP006495HU | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Recombinant Human D-amino acid oxidase activator(DAOA) expressed in E.coli |
|||
Native Crotalus adamanteus L-Amino Acid Oxidase |
|||
| NATE-0366 | Creative Enzymes | 2 mg | EUR 270 |
3-Amino-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt |
|||
| GL4935-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | EUR 94 |
2(S)-Amino-4-azido-butanoic acid |
|||
| GM3282-100MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 mg | EUR 378 |
4-Amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid |
|||
| GW5931-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 93 |
4-Amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid |
|||
| GW5931-25G | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 g | EUR 51 |
Polyclonal Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 Antibody |
|||
| APR11879G | Leading Biology | 0.05ml | EUR 659 |
|
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications: |
|||
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (EAAT3) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx128437 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 4 (SLC7A4) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx115716 | Abbexa |
|
|
D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx109711 | Abbexa |
|
|
(S)-2-(Z-Amino)-4-Phenylbutyric Acid |
|||
| 20-abx186099 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-amino-4-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid |
|||
| 20-abx186199 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-5-Naphthol-7-Sulfonic Acid |
|||
| abx188202-500g | Abbexa | 500 g | EUR 286 |
3-((Tert-Butoxycarbonyl)Amino)-2,2-Dimethylpropanoic Acid |
|||
| abx188284-100g | Abbexa | 100 g | EUR 3585 |
4-Amino-3-Fluorophenylboronic Acid Pinacol Ester |
|||
| abx188432-50g | Abbexa | 50 g | EUR 1664 |
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 4 (SLC7A4) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx323283 | Abbexa |
|
|
Branched Chain Amino-Acid Transaminase 1 (Recombinant) |
|||
| 20-abx073338 | Abbexa |
|
|
Branched Chain Amino-Acid Transaminase 2 (Recombinant) |
|||
| 20-abx073802 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 4 (SLC7A4) Antibody |
|||
| abx034704-400ul | Abbexa | 400 ul | EUR 523 |
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 4 (SLC7A4) Antibody |
|||
| abx034704-80l | Abbexa | 80 µl | EUR 286 |
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1 (CAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx141511 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 4 (SLC7A4) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx014327 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cis-2-amino-1-methyl-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid |
|||
| 20-abx180705 | Abbexa |
|
|
(2-Amino-4-Methoxycarbonylphenyl)Boronic Acid Hydrochloride |
|||
| 20-abx181397 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)Acetic Acid |
|||
| 20-abx181673 | Abbexa |
|
|
3-Amino-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylic acid |
|||
| 20-abx181888 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-amino-6-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid |
|||
| 20-abx182038 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-Pyrimidinecarboxylic Acid, 6-Amino-, Methyl Ester |
|||
| 20-abx182141 | Abbexa |
|
|
(S)-2-((Methoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methylbutanoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx182776 | Abbexa |
|
|
2-Amino-6-Methyl-3-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid |
|||
| 20-abx183076 | Abbexa |
|
|
3-Amino-Pyridine-2-Carboxylic Acid Amide |
|||
| 20-abx183338 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-Amino-2-fluorophenylboronic acid pinacol ester |
|||
| 20-abx183508 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 4 (SLC7A4) Antibody |
|||
| abx237974-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 551 |
D-Amino Acid Oxidase/ DAMOX (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| abx232235-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 481 |
D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Antibody |
|||
| abx232236-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 481 |
2-Amino-3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid |
|||
| 20-abx180268 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1 (CAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx175745 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1 (CAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx175746 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 (CAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx175747 | Abbexa |
|
|
D-Amino Acid Oxidase / DAMOX (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176101 | Abbexa |
|
|
D-amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176102 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176336 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176337 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176338 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176339 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176340 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176341 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176342 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 5 (EAAT5) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx176343 | Abbexa |
|
|
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 (CAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx171644 | Abbexa |
|
|
D-Amino Acid Oxidase / DAMOX (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172043 | Abbexa |
|
|
D-amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172044 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172302 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172303 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172304 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (EAAT3) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172305 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4 (EAAT4) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172306 | Abbexa |
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 5 (EAAT5) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx172307 | Abbexa |
|
|
Boc-(R)-3-Amino-4-phenylbutyric acid |
|||
| 20-abx183891 | Abbexa |
|
|
4-Amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid |
|||
| abx185191-10g | Abbexa | 10 g | EUR 203 |
D-Amino Acid Oxidase/ DAMOX (DAO) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx301170 | Abbexa |
|
|
Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylase (DDC) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx302246 | Abbexa |
|
|
Anti-D-amino-acid oxidase (mouse) antibody |
|||
| STJ72653 | St John's Laboratory | 100 µg | EUR 260 |
D-amino acid oxidase activator Polyclonal Antibody |
|||
| 42143-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 333 |
L-Amino Acid Quantitation Colorimetric/Fluorometric Kit |
|||
| K2141-100 | ApexBio | 100 assays | EUR 502 |
Porcine Branched- chain- amino- acid aminotransferase, mitochond |
|||
| ELI-34731p | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 928 |